Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

What is PKD?

PKD is a condition where the significant portions of the normal kidney tissue are replaced with multiple cysts.  The cysts develop in already existing nephrons and collecting ducts.  Both kidneys are usually affected.

How does my dog get PKD?

Although it has not been proven genetically, it is thought to be an inherited condition. There are other factors considered as causes including various normal body compounds and other exogenous chemicals.

How do I know if my dog has PKD?

Dogs are usually absolutely normal until the cysts get so large they cause the abdomen to enlarge OR the destroy enough kidney tissue to create kidney failure. By palpating the abdomen, your veterinarian MAY be able to feel lumpy kidneys. As there a many other causes for lumpy kidneys, your veterinarian will want to perform a series of tests including: lab and urine tests, radiographs of the abdomen, and ultrasound of the kidneys. Collecting fine needle samples from the kidneys will allow for differentiation of the many other similar conditions.

What can I do about PKD?

Once diagnosed, treatment is directed at preventing secondary infections that may lead to a need for surgical removal of the affected kidney. Additional treatment is directed at minimizing the development of kidney failure, kidney infections, and pain. The long term prognosis is dependent upon the ability to slow the progression of kidney failure.

Is there anything I can do to prevent my dog from getting?

With a non-specific cause, the best thing is to be very judicious in your breed selection process.

Are there certain breeds that get PKD more often?

Cairn terriers, beagles, and West Highland White Terriers.