Urolithiasis

What is Urolithiasis?
This is a common feline condition characterized by crystals in the bladder merging and forming stones (uroliths or calculi). The most prevalent type of stones present in the urinary tract is struvite. Stones develop primarily in the bladder, but can also be found in the kidneys, urethra and the ureters.

How does my cat get Urolithiasis?
In most cases, the cause is unknown, particularly for struvite urolithiasis. Urine with high concentrations of the so called building blocks of the stones may result from infections with specific bacteria, in combination with the pH of the urine, genetic predisposition and diets high in minerals. This condition tends to affect females more than males.

How do I know if my cat has Urolithiasis?
Strangely, some cats do not display any sign while others exhibit one or more signs of this condition. It depends on the number, size and location of the bladder stones. Common signs include frequent trips to the litter box,  urinating less often, urinating outside the litter box, straining while urinating, presence of blood in the urine and passing small stones. This can be an emergency situation if a stone should block either the ureters or urethra and warrants prompt veterinary care. During the physical exam, your veterinarian will palpate the bladder for evidence that it is thick, enlarged or contracted Blood and urine samples will be taken by your veterinarian as well as abdominal radiographs and possibly, an ultrasound, to accurately identify the size, number and location of bladder stones.  

What can I do about Urolithiasis?
Once diagnosed, bladder stones may be treated initially with diet and medication or require surgery. Identification of the most likely cause by stone analysis will help set up prevention programs. ?

Is there anything I can do to prevent my cat from getting Urolithiasis?
Most bladder stones are difficult to prevent. Reduce the risk for your cat by providing clean water daily, amble number of clean litter boxes and a high-quality diet. 

Are there certain breeds that get Urolithiasis more often?
Domestic Shorthaired, Ragdoll, Chartreux, Himalayan and Oriental breeds are predisposed. However, any cat of any age, sex or breed can develop bladder stones.