Portosystemic Shunt

What are portosystemic shunts? 
A portosystemic shunt, also known as a liver shunt, is the most common liver birth defect in cats. A second, less prevalent type, called acquired shunts, can occur later in a cat’s life as a result of complications from other illnesses. Blood from the intestines bypasses the liver through one of its shortcuts (shunts) and directly enters into the body’s circulation system. As a result of this “communication breakdown”, the liver does not grow to normal size and is unable to properly filter toxins from the body

How does my cat get a portosystemic shunt? 
Most cats are born with this liver disorder.

How do I know if my cat has a portosystemic shunt? 
Most cats with this form of shunt begin showing signs by six months of age. There are a host of signals associated with portal systemic shunts. Appetites and energy levels will wane. They may press their heads against walls, appear disoriented or stumble or begin to pace or walk in circles. Some exhibit aggressive behavior, suffer seizures, salivate excessively, have bloody urine, strain to urinate, fail to grow normally or become blind. Your veterinarian will need to perform a thorough physical exam coupled with blood, urine and biochemical blood tests to determine the diagnosis. Radiographs, ultrasound and a special dye procedure called portography may be necessary to validate this condition and rule out others. Cats with this condition have elevated levels of toxins, in particular, ammonia, in their blood.

What can I do about  portosystemic shunts? 
Surgery is necessary to correct the blood flow in the cat’s body to get the liver performing properly again. Studies indicate that the overall success rate is 85 percent. - without surgery prognosis is poor.  In addition, a cat may need antibiotics, IV fluids, and medications to counter the unfiltered toxins in the body. A special low-protein diet may also be warranted. It is vital to follow your veterinarian’s post-surgical recovery plan.

Is there anything I can do to prevent my cat from getting a portosystemic shunt? 
Because this is primarily an inherited disorder, it is nearly impossible to prevent. However, if you wish to obtain a purebred cat, particularly a Persian or Himalayan, consider kittens from reputable breeders whose catteries do not have incidence of this liver condition. To prevent acquired portal systemic shunt, have your veterinarian perform physical exams twice a year and look for early signs of cirrhosis or high blood pressure – two illnesses that may increase the chance for this liver disorder.

Are there certain breeds that get portosystemic shunts more often?
 Yes. Persians and Himalayans face the highest risks for getting this condition, but mixed breed cats are also commonly affected. Male cats are more susceptible than female cats.