Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
What is Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca?
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS), also known as "dry eye," is lack of or deficiency in the tear production leading to drying of the cornea and associated irritation, inflammation, and pain.
How does my dog get KCS?
Certain breeds (noted below) may develop a congenital form of KCS. However, the most common cause is an immune mediated response and damage to the tear producing cells and glands. This is frequently associated with other immune mediated conditions. Other, less frequent causes: secondary to an injury to the eye and surrounding tissues; drug related (atropine, sulfas, etc.); removal of third eyelid gland; radiation therapy; etc.
How do I know if my dog has KCS?
The most common signs or symptoms include: squinting of the eyes or frequent blinking; redness of the conjunctiva; more visible third eyelid; a thick, tenacious mucousy discharge that may progress to a more pus-like discharge; changes to the cornea including corneal ulcers, pigmentation; blindness in the worst case. Your veterinarian will be able to confirm the diagnosis of KCS doing some very simple tests. The Schirmer Tear Test, if low, is diagnostic of KCS. Other tests to assess damage to the cornea may also be performed.
What can I do about KCS?
KCS is usually treated medically at first. There may be a number of different drops used. Cyclosporine is the preferred drug for KCS. Artificial tears, antibiotics, and agents to break up the mucous, are also commonly used. A surgical procedure to reposition a salivary gland duct to the tear duct area is rarely done anymore. Keeping the eyes clean and free of discharge will help your dog’s comfort level.
Is there anything I can do to prevent my dog from getting KCS?
If you have a breed with a pre-disposition to KCS, try to avoid any damage in and around the eyes AND discuss with your veterinarian what is suggested regarding third eyelid prolapse and removal of the third eyelid.
Are there certain breeds that get KCS more often?
Pugs, Yorkshire terriers, Cocker spaniels, West Highland White terriers, Lhaso apso, Shih Tzu.